The
mummy's right side bears decoration with Kebeh-snewef
who is connected with Serket. Beneath, the register
depicts Imesty. Thereupon the decoration presents mirror
images of the opposite side, showing the two standing
figures of the children of Horus and the recumbent Anubis,
the god of Embalment.
I
never did an excavation as exciting as this one, because
when I moved to another square, I saw for the first
time a figure of the god Anubis depicted on the left
and right side of a tomb entrance. This is the only
tomb to have a black figure drawn like this; Anubis
is guarding the tomb. The other part of the tomb is
cut in the sandstone and contains many mummies.
The
most interesting experience was when I saw the other
tomb. This tomb consists of rooms similar to the catacombs,
with one room stacked above the other. Inside this room
we found a mummy of a child which was, interestingly
enough, also gilded. In other room, we found another
mummy completely covered with linen. This mummy is similar
to the New Kingdom mummies and also recalls the mummies
that Hollywood uses in its movies.
When,
in the evening, I went to El-Beshmo hotel, I sat in
the courtyard of the hotel, and, thinking of the mummy
of the lady, I began to write some remarks on this mummy.
The
head dress of the first mummy displays rows of curls
ending with spirals framing the forehead and extending
behind the ears on both sides; a braid surrounds these
curls. These features were what led some to believe
that the mummy belongs to a woman. It has also been
suggested that the decoration should be analyzed from
the bottom to the top, just as we read scenes displayed
on temple walls.
The
scenes on the lower register of the mask depict two
figures. The one on the left holds a standard crowned
by a jackal signifying Wepwawat. The figure on the right,
however, is wearing a uraeus on the forehead and is
holding a symbol. Although unclear, the figure could
represent the god Horus. Between the two figures stands
the god Toth in the from of an Ibis, wearing the double
crown with two horns.
I
also thought of the other mummy and I can see how the
god Toth is here represented in the form of an Ibis.
In this case, however, he is flanked by two figures
of the god Anubis who possibly holds the key to the
underworld. These mummies tell us a lot about the life
of the people at Bahariya Oasis in the Roman period.
They also give us much information about mummification
and the afterlife.
The
people in Bahariya were very rich because all the mummies
show that the people could afford to have gilding and
even cartonage to depict beautiful scenes. I can imagine
the style of workshops in Bahariya. It would seem that
workshops were everywhere and artisans was a main profession
in Bahariya. We know that the population in Egypt during
the Roman period was about 7 million. Therefore I believe
that the population in Bahariya during this period was
about 30,000. Today the people of Bahariya number some
450,000.
The
main industry in Bahariya was the production of wine,
which they made from dates and grapes. They exported
wine all over the Nile valley, and I believe that this
was the reason for the wealth of the people in the Oasis.
Today, Bahariya is a very quiet place. The people take
every thing easy and they are very peaceful. I believe
that this was the same situation in the past.
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