The
mummies in this tomb were some of the best found because
of the realistic style with which their features are
depicted. One lady's, mask is particularly spectacular
and depicts her with a uniquely long nose. The lips
are very thin and coloured red, and her wide eyes are
lined with kohl.
The other tomb found to the north nearer to the temple
of Alexander the Great, has mummies that are covered
in cartonage, rather than gold. All the mummies found
in this tomb have no heads. We do not know why they
were found like this.
We can understand much about the mummies from the x-rays
that we did of them on site. We found under the linen
of one mummy of a child a golden snake with wings over
the eyebrow. We found three cases of people who died
of cancer, and the average age of death at the oasis
was 35 to 40 years old. Bones alone can tall us many
stories about life and death in ancient Egypt.
Graeco-Roman cemeteries have been found throughout Egypt
from Alexandria in the north to Nubia in the south.
By the end of the Late Period, mummification, once reserved
for those of noble rank, was offered to anyone who could
afford it. This means that every individual could be
guaranteed a place in eternity regardless of wealth
or status, which may explain why there is such a range
of mummy styles in Greco-Roman cemeteries. Each different
type of mummification represents a different class within
the culture, and this factor may have led to the loss
of the funerary rituals and magic that were once integral
parts of ancient mummification practices. As the commercial
aspect of mummification increased, an understanding
of its sacred purpose gradually disappeared.
The mummies prepared by Greek and Roman embalmers do
not reflect the same meticulous care taken by ancient
Egyptians in embalming. Although preservation techniques
were greatly simplified during the Late Period and especially
after the Ptolemaic Period, the outer casings simultaneously
became distinctly varied and ornate. Linen wrapping
became more sophisticated in the Greek Period and reached
its peak in Roman times. Wrappings were criss-crossed
in uniquely intricate patterns and sometimes decorated
with gold. A new deveIopment in the first century A.D.
was the wrapping of mummies in red-dyed linen. We found
several mummies at Bahariya with traces of red dye still
present in their wrappings.
Mummies have great magic and mystery, and many wish
to visit and see these traces of an ancient past. However,
I believe that mummies should not be displayed to the
public, not only for purposes of conservation, but also
because I believe in keeping them in the place where
these people chose to be buried, rather than making
them tourist spectacles. However, to satisfy the great
tourist demand, we took six mummies and put them in
a museum for visitors to the site to see as samples
of what lies in the cemeteries of Bahariya. The rest
we have preserved on site, making new ceilings for each
tomb, in order to respect the spiritual values of the
ancients.
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